Sebastian Zapata Aguirre

Sistematización de experiencias

La sistematización de experiencias representa un proceso participativo y crítico de investigación con un importante arraigo y tradición en América Latina, ubicación geográfica que ha dotado de sentido esta modalidad de investigación cualitativa, colectiva y colaborativa a favor de los saberes y conocimientos construidos en las prácticas sociales.

 

Más allá una definición concreta, un método unívoco o un procedimiento lineal para describir este concepto, la sistematización de experiencias es un proceso de reflexión colectivo que trasciende la aproximación tradicional de sistematización como registro y organización de información, o como mirada evaluativa sobre el cumplimiento de objetivos; por el contrario, la sistematización de experiencias asumida como una práctica política, representa un proceso de investigación intencionado que busca recuperar colectivamente los aprendizajes y elementos significativos surgidos a partir de prácticas que se han desarrollado o se están desarrollando.

 

Por ello, la sistematización de experiencias que trasciende aquella mirada evaluativa, es un proceso que parte de la acción, la cual se reflexiona para volver a la acción de una forma más consciente y cualificada – acción, reflexión, acción-; es un ejercicio de reflexividad y proyección, es sinónimo de construcción colectiva y diálogo de saberes que se preocupa por el sentido político de las prácticas, por la reivindicación y producción de saberes y conocimientos al interior de los procesos sociales. Se sistematizan experiencias en clave educativa, cultural, política, ambiental, artística y de distinta índole, en donde los actores sociales protagonistas de estas prácticas, bien sean de carácter organizativo, comunitario, institucional, gubernamental o de distintos ámbitos, encauzan un interés por recuperar colectivamente aprendizajes para la cualificación y fortalecimiento de sus procesos organizativos.

En este sentido, es preciso resaltar que los procesos de sistematización requieren de apuestas colectivas que parten de una decisión política para encaminar un proceso de producción de conocimiento desde las prácticas mismas; además, materializar un proceso de sistematización implica diálogos y acuerdos para delimitar la experiencia, para precisar ejes de análisis, para reconocer críticamente aprendizajes y retos, y para promover diversas reflexiones y momentos que recrean un proceso de investigación que permite revitalizar el sentido de las prácticas sociales.

Diversos autores latinoamericanos como Oscar Jara, Alfredo Ghiso, Alfonso Torres, Lola Cendales, Marco Raúl Mejía, y procesos como la Escuela de Sistematización Experiencias Vivas, amplían el horizonte de comprensión de este concepto, aportando no solo potentes reflexiones teóricas y conceptuales sobre la sistematización como modalidad de investigación crítica y participativa, si no recreando diversas apuestas metodológicas para reconocer la sistematización como un recurso para el empoderamiento de los procesos sociales, evidenciando, entre tanto, la importancia de la metodología en clave de orientaciones y momentos dialógicos, interactivos, simbólicos que fortalecen estos ejercicios de producción de conocimiento colectivo.

Desde la perspectiva que presentamos en este diccionario colaborativo, la sistematización de experiencias es asumida como una práctica política orientada colectivamente para revisar de manera reflexiva, crítica y propositiva el quehacer de procesos sociales; así, la sistematización asumida como una modalidad crítica de investigación, busca generar desde los propios sujetos protagonistas de las experiencias colectivas, un significado más amplio, holístico, reflexivo e integral de lo sucedido. Por lo tanto, la sistematización reconoce un lugar protagónico a los sujetos de las prácticas, proceso que implica una valoración de los aportes subjetivos en el desarrollo y los caminos de los procesos sociales, dándole trascendencia a la viva voz, al relato, la memoria y los sentidos construidos por los sujetos que hacen parte de los mismos.

En cuanto a estas características enunciadas y en clave del valor dado a la narrativa colectiva de los sujetos de las prácticas, al lenguaje, al relato y la expresión, la sistematización de experiencias también representa la posibilidad de nombrar, recrear, reconstruir, generar lecturas multidimensionales de las realidades sociales y crear propuestas inéditas.

En suma, y por parte de quien aporta los presentes elementos de reflexión a este concepto, las aproximaciones a procesos de sistematización de experiencias permiten exaltar la producción de saberes al interior de prácticas sociales y dar cuenta de un acervo de características políticas en procesos organizativos y comunitarios que, puestos en común, encaminan propuestas a favor de del buen vivir, la vida digna, y la construcción de propuestas comunitarias y de participación social.

Finalmente, y de acuerdo a los aprendizajes construidos desde la Escuela de sistematización Experiencias Vivas y a la naturaleza reflexiva y crítica de la sistematización como proceso colectivo, además del interés por las trayectorias de las prácticas, los procesos de sistematización generan preguntas cruciales sobre los rumbos y horizontes éticos y políticos de las prácticas, permitiendo la proyección de las mismas y la apertura a trabajos solidarios y colaborativos.

Algunos textos referentes sugeridos para ampliar el concepto: – Sistematización, practica y teoría para otros mundos posibles: Oscar Jara. / – Metodologías de sistematización de experiencias: Escuela de Sistematización Experiencias Vivas.

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2.105 comentarios en “Sistematización de experiencias”

  2. Luis Alberto Ordóñez O.

    GRACIAS POR COMPARTIR y dar aliento para reflexionar nuestras prácticas y convertirlas en experiencias vitales y compartirlas
    con otros desde la sistematizacion de experiencias. Es el camino que hemos elegido algunos maestros desde la escuela normal
    superior de Popayán.

    Desde este lugar de prácticas, un abrazo fraterno

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